Perezida Paul Kagame aherutse kugaragaza ko ikibazo cy’akajagari mu madini n’amatorero mu Rwanda ndetse no kuyobya rubanda bikozwe na bamwe mu bayayobora kimaze gufata indi ntera, avuga ko mu guhangana na cyo hakwiye gushyirwaho umusoro ku maturo n’ibindi byinjizwa na ba nyirayo.
Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere ruherutse gutangaza ko mu bugenzuzi rwakoze hagamijwe kureba insengero zitujuje ibisabwa hari insengero zirenga ibihumbi 13 zasuwe.
Muri izo izegera ku bihumbi umunani zarafunzwe kuko zitujuje ibisabwa, ibintu byatumye benshi bacika ururondogoro ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bamwe bavuga ko ari icyemezo cyari gikwiye mu gihe hari abandi babinengaga.
Mu ijambo rye mu muhango wo kwakira indahiro z’Abadepite bashya na Minisitiri w’Intebe ku wa 14 Kanama 2024, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko ibijyanye n’insengero n’amadini byamaze kuzana akajagari n’ubutekamutwe kandi ko imwe mu ngamba zo kubica ari ugushyiraho uburyo bwo kuzisoresha.
Yagize ati “Aba bantu bateka imitwe bakanyura muri ibyo by’amadini, mu makanisa mu madini, mu biki, bakambura abantu ibyabo bagatwara umutungo wabo, biraza gutuma dushyiraho umusoro. Umuntu ajye asorera icyo yinjije waba wacyinjije ku binyoma, wabeshye abantu ukabatwara ibyabo, igihe urwo rubanza rutaracibwa ko ibyo wakoze ari ibinyoma cyangwa iki, reka habanze hajyeho umusoro”.
Nk’umuntu ujya mu rusengero buri cyumweru, uzi cyangwa ubona uko iyo igihe cyo gutanga amaturo kigeze bigenda, hari aho usanga amaturo ari mu byiciro bitatu bitandukanye birimo ituro ry’Ishimwe, Icya cumi n’amaturo y’umutima ukunze, ahandi ugasanga hariyongeraho ayo gufasha abakene, ay’inyubako n’ibindi.
Inyigisho nyinshi ziratangwa zigamije kugaragariza abakirisitu ko gutanga amaturo ari ugukora umurimo w’Imana, hifashishijwe igitabo cya Bibiliya.
Ikindi gikunze kugarukwaho na benshi bavuga kuri bamwe mu bayobozi b’amadini n’abavugabutumwa bishakira indamu, ni ukugaragaza ko nta muntu ukwiye kwinjira mu nzu y’Imana imbokoboko mbese ‘nta turo afite.’
Uzi igitangaje, ni uko buriya amwe mu madini aba yarashyizeho n’intego y’amaturo agomba kuboneka ku buryo itabonetse hari ababazwa impamvu bitagezweho.
Ndabyibuka nari ndi muri rumwe mu rusengero mu Mujyi wa Kigali numva Pasiteri abwiye abakirisitu be, abashimira kuba baragejeje ku ntego basabwaga ariko ko bahise bahabwa undi muhigo mushya uri hejuru y’ayo basabwaga.
Ntakubeshye numvise hari byinshi byo kwibazaho, ese koko niba amadini afite ingengo y’Imari agomba kubazwa yaba ari gushaka inyungu mu baturage? Niba gutura ari umurimo w’Imana kuki hashyirwaho ingengo y’imari ikenerwa?
Ibyo bibazo byanteye guhita negera umwe mu bayobozi b’itorero mubaza iby’iyo ntego bahabwa, bansobanurira ko ari ihame kandi urusengero rutayigezeho rushobora gufatirwa ingamba ariko sinanyuzwe n’ibisobanuro bye.
Ntabwo biri mu Mijyi gusa no mu byaro ni ko bimeze, n’ubwo ingengo y’imari isabwa iba itandukanye hagendewe ku mubare w’abakirisitu urusengero rufite, aho ruherereye ndetse n’uko rukora.
Hari hamwe amakuru avuga ko urusengero ruri mu ziciriritse mu Mujyi wa Kigali rushobora kubazwa nibura amafaranga ari hejuru y’ibihumbi 800 Frw ku kwezi kandi aba agomba kuboneka uko byagenda kose.
Iyo bigeze ku nsengero zashinzwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo zo biba ibindi, kuko usanga usaba ko umushumba agusengera cyangwa akaguhesha umugisha ku babyizera bikagusaba ikiguzi.
Ni ibintu byafashe urundi rwego kuko usanga umuntu runaka ushaka gushinga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ahitamo kuyoboka inzira yo gushinga urusengero nk’inzira yo gushaka ubukungu.
Gusoresha insengero byakorwa bite?
Kuri ubu hari insengero zifite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi runaka nka hotel, inzu z’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bikorwa byo bisora nk’ibisanzwe nk’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi.
N’ubwo itegeko ritarashyirwaho ngo hasoreshwe insengero mu gihe byaba bibaye ihame, bishobora gukorwa mu buryo runaka ku buryo hashobora kuba hasorerwa inyubako ‘nk’uko abacuruzi basora umusoro w’ipatante’ cyangwa hakabaho uburyo bwo gusoresha amaturo yinjiye.
Ubwo bivuze ko urusengero rwajya rutangaza ingano y’amaturo yinjiye, ubundi hakagenwa ingano y’ibyo bagomba gusora bitewe n’amaturo yinjiye.
Birumvikana ko kugira ngo amadini n’insengero bivuka buri munsi bihabwe umurongo byasaba ko hasoreshwa inyubako isengerwamo, ikagira amafaranga runaka azajya yishyurwa buri mwaka bijyanye n’aho iherereye.
Ibyo byaca akajagari mu gushinga insengero kuko buri wese yajya yiyemeza kurushinga azi neza ko azabasha kuzuza ibisabwa, kimwe n’abongera amashami y’izo bafite.
N’ubwo ibyo byafatwa nko kugabanya akajagari, ku rundi ruhande ariko hari ubwo bishobora gutuma abo bayobozi b’amadini bongera imbaraga mu kwaka abayoboke babo amafaranga menshi kugira ngo bagire ayo basora n’ayo basagura, bityo ikibazo nyacyo kikaba kidakemutse.
Ikindi cyashyirwamo imbaraga ni ubugenzuzi buhoraho hagamijwe kureba insengero zirenga ku mabwiriza yashyizweho no gutanga ibihano bikakaye.
Ni umwihariko w’u Rwanda gushyiraho umusoro ku nsengero?
Ibijyanye no gusoresha insengero ntabwo bikunze kuvugwaho rumwe bitewe n’uko bamwe baba bagaragaza ko bidakwiye mu gihe abandi baba bagaragaza ko ari ikintu gikwiye.
Dusubije amaso inyuma wasanga gusonerwa imisoro ku nsengero byarakomotse ku Itorero ryaje kwigabanyamo ibice bibiri ari byo Kiliziya Gatolika n’amatorero y’aba-protestant yari ifitanye na Leta.
Uwo mubano mwiza watangiriye mu Bwami bwa Roma ku ngoma ya Constantine aho icyo gihe yafashe icyemezo cyo kwagurira ibijyanye n’imyizerere kugira ngo bimufashe kwagura ubwami bwe.
N’ubwo mu bihugu byinshi nta misoro ku nsengero ariko hari amategeko bubahiriza, nko muri Ecuador insengero ntabwo zishyura umusoro ku byinjijwe ariko ntizisonerwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (Value Added Tax – VAT) cyangwa kumenyekanisha imitungo yabo.
Muri Bolivia itegeko ryatangiye gukurikizwa mu 2019 ryagaragaje ko insengero zigomba kwishyura umusoro ku bikorwa bishobora kubyara inyungu nk’imiryango itari iya Leta, ibikorwa remezo by’amashuri, ibigo by’itangazamakuru n’ibindi bitandukanye.
Muri Chile insengero nazo zikomorerwa kutishyura imisoro iyo zidafite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi.
Urundi rugero rwiza ni muri Mexique aho insengero zisonewe imisoro ku bintu bituruka ku maturo, impano n’ibindi ariko mu gihe zifite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi nko gucuruza ibitabo n’ibindi ntabwo basonerwa.
Mu Buhinde nka kimwe mu bihugu bifite abemera banyuranye impaka nk’izo zarabaye, bigera ho hemezwa ko impano cyangwa amaturo bidatangirwa umusoro ariko hemezwa ko mu gihe impano zatanzwe zitagamije ibikorwa byo gufasha insengero zigomba kwishyura nibura 30%.
Muri Estonia nk’igihugu gifite ubwoko bw’imisoro myinshi kuko gisoresha n’inyubako za leta, ahantu honyine basonewe imisoro ni ubutaka bwubatseho insengero.
Nko mu Bihugu nka Autriche, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Suede, Croatie, Iceland n’u Busuwisi n’ibindi habaho kwishyura umusoro wa kiliziya ariko wo wishyurwa n’abanyamuryango.
Umusoro wishurwa uba uri hagati ya 1% na 2% by’ibyo umuturage yinjije ariko uwo musoro ukifashishwa mu bikorwa bya kiliziya abashumba, ndetse no gushyigikira ibikorwa by’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
No mu bihugu bya Afurika Afurika y’Epfo, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia n’ibindi bisonera insengero imisoro ariko zigasoreshwa ku bikorwa bindi bibyara inyungu ziba zifite.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo ahabarizwa abakirisitu barenga 40% insengero ziracyasonewe gutanga imisoro. Nko muri Argentine Leta itanga nibura miliyoni 8.8 z’amadorali y’Amerika kuri Kiliziya Gatolika kandi abayobozi bayo barahembwa.
Muri Peru, Guverinoma itanga ibihumbi 800 by’amadorali buri mwaka ku nsengero ikanishyura abayobozi bakuru b’idini.
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