Mbere yo gutangira tumenye ko amoko cyangwa amatsinda y’amaraso ari mu byiciro byinshi ariko iby’ingenzi ni 2; hari itsinda rizwi nka ABO ari ryo ribamo amoko ya A, B, AB na O, hakaba n’itsinda rya Rhesus ariryo ribamo Rhesus positif na Rhesus negative.
Aya matsinda rero niyo ahurizwa hamwe ugasanga umuntu afite amaraso ya group A ariko afite Rhesus negatif undi afite aya A ariko Rhesus positif.
Ubusanzwe iyo hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyinjiye mu mubiri, utari usanzwe uzi, icyo gihe umubiri ufite uburyo ukirwanya ukoresheje ubushobozi cyangwa se ubwirinzi bwawo. Aho ushobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye mu kwirukana icyo kintu.
Urugero ushobora gukora abasirikare bashobora kukirwanya ku buryo kitabasha kwangiza cyangwa ngo gitere indwara igihe ba basirikare twavuze batatsinzwe n’icyo kintu. Abo basirikare ni bo bita “Anticorps/Antibodies” mu ndimi z’amahanga, naho ibyo bintu biba byinjiye mu mubiri utabizi ni byo bita “Antigenes”.
Antigenes ziri ubwoko bwinshi; antigene kandi ishobora kuba amaraso. Urugero izo bita antigenes rhesus ni antigenes ziba mu nsoro zitukura z’amaraso. Ni yo mpamvu umuntu adapfa guhabwa amaraso kwa muganga cyangwa urugingo yabuze batabanje gupima ubwoko bw’amaraso ye kugira ngo batamuha ibidahuye. Urugero wumva abantu bahabwa impyiko, umwijima n’ibindi. Babanza kureba ko umubiri we ushobora kwakira izo ngingo cyangwa amaraso neza hapimwa ubwoko bw’amaraso.
Tugarutse noneho ku bijyanye n’amaraso; bavuga ko amaraso y’umuntu afite “Rhesus negatif”; igihe iyo bapimye bagasanga ku nsoro zitukura ze, uturemangigo tuba mu maraso tuyafasha gukwirakwiza umwuka wa oxygene mu mubiri hose, nta antigenes rhesus ihabarizwa. Naho igihe bayisanze bakavuga ko afite “Rhesus positif”. Ibi nibyo bitera kwandika groupe sanguin runaka ariko bakongeraho ikimenyetso cyo guteranya cyangwa cyo gukuramo biba bishaka kuvuga ubwoko bwa rhesus aba afite. Urugero umuntu ufite Groupe sanguin O-,O+,A-,A+ gutyo gutyo.
Ibi bivuze ko ku mukobwa cyangwa umugore ufite Rhesus negatif agashakana n’umugabo ufite Rhesus positif, bituma akenshi asama umwana ufite amaraso ya rhesus positif, kubera ko umugabo yiganza kurusha umugore. Akenshi ku nda ya mbere nta kibazo uyu mubyeyi agira ndetse n’umwana avuka neza. Ahubwo ikibazo kiba mu gihe cyo kubyara aho amaraso y’umwana ashobora kwivanga n’aya nyina bigatuma mama w’umwana, uba ufite amaraso adafite antigene rhesus (rhesus negatif) umubiri we utangira gukora abasirikare barwanya za rhesus positif z’umwana zawinjiyemo. Kuko umubiri we ufata izo Rhesus positif z’umwana nk’ibintu bidasanzwe byawugezemo (antigens).
Bigenda gute ku nda ya kabiri?
Ku nda ya 2 igihe umubyeyi yongeye gusama umwana ufite Rhesus positif. Abasirikare barwanya Rhesus positif umubiri we wakoze umwana wa mbere akimara kuvuka. Abo basirikare batangira kunyura mu ngobyi ihuza umwana na nyina bityo bagatangira kwangiza amaraso y’umwana atwite, uba afite Rhesus positif. Bikaba byatuma umwana atwite apfa ndetse n’inda ikavamo.
Ni yo mpamvu iyo iki kibazo kitamenyekanye kare kwa muganga uyu mubyeyi ashobora gutahira umwana wa mbere abyaye. Izindi nda zikajya zivamo.
Ariko kandi iyo iki kibazo kizwi na muganga; mu gihe umubyeyi arangije kubyara inda ya mbere hari urukingo ahabwa kwa muganga (rwitwa Rhogam cyangwa anti D immunoglobilin). Rugenda rukica ba basirikare umubiri we uba watangiye gukora ku buryo ku nda ya 2 ashora kubyara umwana atagize ikibazo. Ni ngombwa kubimenyesha kwa muganga kugira ngo uwo mubyeyi ahabwe urwo rukingo akimara kubyara umwana wa mbere (Kuko igihe aruhawe nyuma y’iki gihe ntacyo rwamara). Ibi bimuha andi mahirwe yo gusama undi mwana nta ngorane akanamubyara rwose. Aha twongereho ko niyo inda ivuyemo umugore naho aba agomba guhabwa rwa rukingo kuko naho amaraso yivanga.
Urumva ko kuba abantu badahuje ubwoko bw’amaraso nta cyababuza kubana rwose. Ahubwo ikizima ni ukumenya uko bazabyitwaramo bafashijwe na muganga kugira ngo bazabone urubyaro bifuza. Ibi bakabifashwamo no kumenya ubwoko bw’amaraso yabo bombi.
Ni byiza kumenya ubwoko bw’amaraso yawe
Inama nta yindi ni uko buri wese yashishikarira kwipimisha ubwoko bwe bw’amaraso hakiri kare. Kuko uretse no kubyara, iyo ugize ikibazo gituma ugomba guterwa andi maraso, uhita uvuga ubwoko bw’ayawe, yaba ahari ugahita uyahabwa.
Ukeneye kumenya ubwoko bw’amaraso yawe wagana ivuriro rikwegereye cg ugasobanuza unyuze aha
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