Abasesenguzi batanze umuburo ko imyuka yica iri mu mazi y’Ikiyaga cya Kivu, ishobora kuzaturika igasandara umunsi umwe bigateza ikibazo gikomeye.
Imyuka ivugwa ko iteje ikibazo mu Kivu, ni ‘dioxyde de carbone’ na ‘méthane’. Ituruka ku mashyuza ava mu nda y’Isi akivanga n’amazi y’icyo Kiyaga.
Ayo mashyuza hari ubwo aba yashyuhijwe n’ibikoma biri mu nda y’Isi cyane cyane mu bice byabayemo iruka ry’ibirunga, cyangwa agashyushywa no kuba yanyuze ahantu hisatuye mu nda y’Isi hakaba hari urutare rushyushye.
Mu myaka 40 ishize, Ibiyaga bya Nyos na Monoun byo muri Cameroon nabyo bibamo imyuka nk’iyo yica, byabayemo iturika ryahitanye abantu 1,800 n’inyamaswa zibarirwa mu bihumbi.
Ugereranyije n’ibyo biyaga byombi, icya Kivu ni cyo kinini kuko kiri ku burebure bwa kilometero 90, ubugari bwa kilometero 50, n’ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 475.
Sergei Katsev, umushakashatsi akaba n’umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Minnesota Duluth yo muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, asobanura ko Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite imiterere idasanzwe kuko ku gice cyacyo cyo hejuru muri metero 60 gusa ariho amazi abasha kwivanga mu buryo buhoraho, naho mu kindi gice agahora ari hamwe.
Uko kuba ibice bya Kivu binyuranye mu buryo bugaragara, ngo bisobanuye ko imyuka ya ‘dioxyde de carbone’ na ‘méthane’ izamuka iturutse mu ndiba y’Ikiyaga igafungwa na ya mazi atava aho ari, igakomeza kwikusanyiriza muri icyo gice cyo hasi kiri mu bujyakuzimu bwa metero 260 kumanura.
Katsev agaragaza ko mu gice cyo hasi cya Kivu hamaze kugera kilometero cube 300 za ‘dioxyde de carbone’, na kilometero cube 60 za ‘méthane’. Iyo myuka yarahageze yivanga n’undi wa ‘hydrogène’ uturuka mu gice cyo hejuru cy’Isi kizwi nka ‘Crust’.
Urwo ruvange rw’imyuka yica, ngo rushobora kuzaturika rimwe rugasandara, ibyahungabanya ibice bikikije Ikiyaga cya Kivu bituwe n’abarenga miliyoni ebyiri.
Philip Morkel, umukozi muri Sosiyete ya Hydragas Energy yo muri Canada ifite gahunda yo gucukura ‘méthane’ mu Kivu, yasobanuye ko “iyo myuka iri kwikusanyiriza muri icyo gice cyo hasi cy’Ikiyaga nimara gutoha 100% ni bwo izaturika isandare.”
Bivugwa ko ubu imaze gutoha ku gipimo cya 60%.
Morkel avuga ko iryo turika ribaye ryasohora imyuka igateza igicu cyinshi gishobora kumara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru hejuru y’Ikiyaga, kizamuka mu kirere.
Iryo turika ngo mu munsi umwe ryakohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ingana na 5% bya bene iyo myuka yoherezwa ku Isi yose buri mwaka.
Imibare y’impfu zabaho yo bivugwa ko yaba iteye ubwoba, kuko ababarirwa muri miliyoni ebyiri baturiye inkengero za Kivu hagaragazwa ko iyo myuka igeze mu bice batuyemo byatwara umunota umwe bose bakaba bamaze gupfa.
Nubwo abashakashatsi bamenya ingano y’iyo myuka imaze kwikusanya akaba ariyo bashingiraho bagenekereza ibyago byo kuba iturika ryaba, hari izindi ngingo nkeya zitavugwaho cyane ariko nazo zishobora kuba imbarutso y’iryo turika.
Nk’umutingito ubaye ushobora gutigisa ibyo bice by’Ikiyaga, bigatuma iturika ribaho.
Iryo turika ngo rishobora no kwenyegezwa n’uburyo bukoreshwa mu gucukura ‘méthane’.
Kuva mu 2016, ‘méthane’ yatangiye gucukurwa mu Kivu hagamijwe kuyifashisha mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, no kugabanya ibyago byo kuba iryo turika ryabaho.
Gusa inzobere zigaragaza ko bidakozwe neza hakagira ikintu gihungabanya imiterere y’Ikiyaga, byatera rya turika ririmo kwirindwa.
Mu Ugushyingo 2022, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA) cyatangaje ko abaturage batagomba kugira izo mpungenge kuko Leta y’u Rwanda yatangije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda iryo turika, burimo kuba yaratangiye gucukura iyo iyo myuka.
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