Imyaka ibaye myinshi leta y’u Rwanda itangiye gahunda yo guha inguzanyo yo kwiga izwi nka Buruse abanyeshuri baba batsindiye gukomeza amasomo yabo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda kugirango bige neza hagamijwe guteza uburezi imbere ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.
Iyi nguzanyo abanyeshuri bahabwa iba igizwe n’amafaranga y’ishuri, ndetse n’ayo kubafasha kubaho. Buri munyeshuri usinye amasezerano yo guhabwa inguzanyo na leta aba yemeye ko nasoza amasomo ye akabona akazi azatangira kwishyura hiyongereyeho inyungu.
Uko imyaka igenda ihita ndetse n’isi ikagenda itera imbere,abanyeshuri bagenda bagaragaza impungenge z’uko bahabwa amafaranga y’intica ntikize yo kubabeshaho ugereranyije n’uburyo ubuzima busigaye buhenze. Ibi nibyo baheraho basaba leta y’u Rwanda gusuzuma iki kibazo.
Bamwe mu banyeshuri batandukanye bemeza ko leta yakoze uko ishoboye cyane, ndetse ko bashima iyo ntambwe, ariko ngo baracyahangayitse kubera imibereho yahindutse nyamara amafaranga bahabwa ntiyiyongere.
Amafaranga angana n’idolari rimwe (1$) ku munsi niyo avamo ibyo kurya bimutunga, akishyuramo inzu, akagura amazi, akagura umuriro, itumanaho mu gihe cy’amasomo, ndetse n’ibindi byinshi. Urebye usanga umunyeshuri wiga muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda wemerewe inguzanyo y’amafaranga yo kumutunga, byibuze amafaranga agera ku bihumbi 40Frw ari yo ahabwa buri kwezi ngo amubesheho.
Benshi batangaza ko muri iki gihe bagorwa n’imibereho, bagasaba leta kuvugurura itegeko rigena ingano y’amafaranga umunyeshuri ahabwa.
Impuguke zitandukanye mu burezi zihamya ko ireme ry’uburezi rigirwamo iruhare cyane n’uburyo abanyeshuri baba babayeho. Umunyeshuri yaburara hanyuma bugacya akiga agatsinda gute? Aha niho bahera batakambira inzego zibifitiye ububasha ko zivugurura ingano y’amafaranga abanyeshuri bahabwa bigahuzwa n’ibiciro by’ubuzima bwo hanze.
Abakurikiranira hafi uburezi bwo muri kaminuza basanga ari ngombwa ko abanyeshuri bahabwa amafaranga yo kubatunga ariko bikajyanishwa n’igihe tugezemo.
Umwe yagize ati :”Hari ubwo abanyeshuri babonaga ibihumbi 25Frw yo kubabeshaho, mu myaka yashize ibintu ku masoko byari bihendutse cyane.”
Nk’urugero abanyeshuri biga amasomo abasaba ko bajya kwimenyereza umwuga ’sitaje’ bavuga ko bibagora cyane kwimuka bajya mu zindi ntara kure, kuko usanga amafaranga bahawe na leta ashiriye mu rugendo gusa ubundi ibyo kurya bikabahangayikisha. Icyo basaba n’uko havugururwa amasezerano ya Buruse.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2015 Banki itsura amajyambere y’u Rwanda (BRD) yihabwa inshingano zo gutanga inguzanyo ku banyeshuri biga mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza y’u Rwanda, icyo gihe nibwo hatangiye kugaragara impinduka zigaragarira buri wese ku banyeshuri.
Gusa kuri ubu abanyeshuri bahamya ko ibihumbi 40Frw ya buri kwezi asigaye ari macye, bityo bagasaba ko amasezerano basinye yahindurwa.
Ku ruhande rwa BRD bagaragaza ko amafaranga agenewe inguzanyo z’abanyeshuri akiri macye cyane, ugereranyije n’umubare w’abanyeshuri bose baba bifuza guhabwa inguzanyo buri mwaka. Ibi biri no mu bikoma mu nkokora igitekerezo cy’uko n’abanyeshuri biga muri za kaminuza zigenga bajya bafashwa bakabona inguzanyo ya leta na bo bakazishyura nk’abandi.
Minisiteri y’imari yatanze miliyari 45.1 muri miliyari 55 zari zikenewe mu mwaka w’amashuri 2023-2024, ni mu gihe kandi hari hasohowe miliyari 52.7 mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2022-2023. Uku kutiyongera kw’imari igenerwa kaminuza y’u Rwanda nibyo bituma amafaranga abanyeshuri bagenerwa yo kubatunga atongerwa, nyamara bigaragara ko bihangayikishije.
Kaminuza y’u Rwanda yo yemera ko hakiri icyuho giterwa n’ubushobozi budahagije. Basobanura ko usibye no kuba abanyeshuri bahabwa amafaranga macye ariko hari benshi batagira amahirwe yo kwinjira muri iyi kaminuza, biturutse ku mpamvu zose zishamikiye ku mikoro. Aha twavuga nk’ibikorwa remezo, abarimu, ibikoresho ndetse n’ibindi by’ibanze.
Mu mwaka ushize wa 2023/2024, kaminuza y’u Rwanda yakiriye abanyeshuri bashya basaga ibihumbi 8,000, ni mu gihe abasabye kuyigamo bari hafi ibihumbi 22,000 ni ukuvuga ko abarenga ibihumbi 13,000 bose batemerewe kuyigamo cyangwa se ngo bahabwe inguzanyo.
Imibare igaragaza ko abanyeshuri binjira muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda bagiye bagabanyuka cyane; muri 2017-2018 iyi kaminuza yakiriye abanyeshuri 11,027, muri 2020-2021 yinjiza 10,000 naho mu wa 2023-2024 yakiriye abatarenga 8,000.
Umuyobozi wungirije muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Dr Muganga Kayihura Didas yemeza ko impamvu y’ubushobozi iza imbere mu gutuma benshi mu banyeshuri batsinze neza ayisumbuye badakandagiza ibirenge muri iyi kaminuza. Binavugwa ko ibona umugabo igasiba undi.
Ubusanzwe iyi kaminuza ifatwa nk’ikigo kinini cya leta mu Rwanda, aho ifite abanyeshuri barenga ibihumbi 30 bayigamo mu mashami aherereye hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ibi ni bimwe mu byemeza ko haba hakenewe ingengo y’imari ihagije mu rwego rwo korohereza abanyeshuri bifuza kuyigamo.
Mu kiganiro na RBA, iyi kaminuza iherutse guhishura ko leta y’u Rwanda yiteguye kongerera ubushobozi kaminuza y’u Rwanda ndetse bakarushaho no kuzamura umubare munini w’abanyeshuri binjiramo. Bitangazwa ko ubusanzwe hari ubushobozi bwo kwakira hagati y’abanyeshuri 5,000 na 6,000 buri mwaka.
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