Mogadishu municipal elections mark historic step toward direct democracy in Somalia

The Mogadishu municipal elections held on December 25 marked a historic moment for Somalia as residents voted directly in local polls for the first time in decades. The vote represents a key step toward restoring universal suffrage and preparing the country for its first nationwide direct elections in more than 50 years.

Mogadishu municipal elections signal democratic shift

Residents of Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu, cast their ballots on Thursday in landmark municipal elections. The vote aims to prepare the country for direct national elections after decades of indirect political systems.

Somalia last held direct elections in 1969, months before military ruler Mohamed Siad Barre seized power. Years of civil war followed his removal in 1991, disrupting democratic processes across the country.

From indirect voting to public participation

In 2004, Somalia introduced indirect elections to balance clan interests and manage insecurity. Under this system, clan elders elected lawmakers, lawmakers chose the president, and the president appointed Mogadishu’s mayor.

Many citizens criticized the model for encouraging corruption and limiting public participation. The Mogadishu municipal elections challenge that system by giving residents a direct voice in local leadership.

High turnout despite security threats

Voters lined up early outside polling stations across the city. Authorities closed streets to traffic, while the airport, port, and businesses shut down for security reasons.

The National Electoral Commission deployed about 10,000 security officers to protect polling centers. Although al Shabaab continues to carry out attacks, security conditions in Mogadishu have improved in recent years.

“This is my first time voting, and I feel proud,” said 65-year-old voter Addey Isak Abdi, who arrived early with other women.

Hundreds of candidates compete for local seats

According to electoral official Abdishakur Abib Hayir, 1,605 candidates competed for 390 district council seats. The newly elected council members will later choose Mogadishu’s mayor.

“This vote shows Somalia is moving forward,” Hayir said. “After local elections, the country can organize elections nationwide.”

Political debate over national elections

A law passed in 2024 restored universal suffrage ahead of federal elections expected next year. However, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud agreed with opposition leaders that lawmakers would face direct elections in 2026, while parliament would still elect the president.

Opposition parties argue that the new system favors the incumbent president. They also raise concerns about voter safety due to al Shabaab’s presence in rural areas.

Why the Mogadishu municipal elections matter

The Mogadishu municipal elections serve as a test case for nationwide democracy. Success in the capital could build confidence for future elections across Somalia and strengthen public trust in political institutions.